The simplest ways of converting a quantity of grain to flour are by pounding it in a mortar, crushing it between two stones, or using a combination of both. For humans, they are easier to consume when reduced to flour and then cooked. Man, though, is not equipped to digest whole, raw cereals. This source of food was essential for man’s existence, since all cereals-including wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, millet, sorghum, and maize-contain starchy carbohydrates that the body is capable of transforming into its principal fuel-glucose. To you let it serve as food.” ( Genesis 1:29) Among the foods Jehovah God gave to mankind were seed from the stalks of cereal grasses. To the first human pair, Adam and Eve, Jehovah said: “Here I have given to you all vegetation bearing seed which is on the surface of the whole earth and every tree on which there is the fruit of a tree bearing seed. What has milling involved through the ages? What are some of the methods and devices that have been used to accomplish it? And what kind of mills put bread on your table today? Without the convenience of machinery, what a laborious task it must have been to reduce grain to flour! In Bible times, the sound of the hand mill was associated with normal, peaceful conditions, and its absence indicated desolation.- Jeremiah 25:10, 11. The basic ingredient of bread is flour, or meal, obtained by the grinding of cereals. In fact, one of man’s most pressing needs has been that of procuring his daily bread. IT HAS been referred to as “the staff of life,” “the chief of all foods,” “man’s constant mainstay and support from time immemorial.” Yes, from antiquity, bread has been a staple food. “ quẹ̄̆rn(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved.A quern or quirn a device for grinding grains.querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhernįrom Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwernō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂wō ( “ heavy stone ” ), from *gʷréh₂us ( “ heavy ” ).Armada (editors), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401,įrom the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women-and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity-is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29). 2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, 17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent, Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X.Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread. 2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving, Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262,īeyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea.2000, Tina Tuohy, 9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User, Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe (editors), Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141,įor women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him-almost-in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers. 1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, 2011, unnumbered page,.( transitive ) To grind to use a quern.Quern ( third-person singular simple present querns, present participle querning, simple past and past participle querned) Spanish: molino de mano m, molino portátil m.